Latency in a packet-switched arrangement is abstinent either one-way (the time from the antecedent sending a packet to the destination accepting it), or round-trip (the one-way cessation from antecedent to destination added the one-way cessation from the destination aback to the source). Round-trip cessation is added generally quoted, because it can be abstinent from a individual point. Agenda that annular cruise cessation excludes the bulk of time that a destination arrangement spends processing the packet. Abounding software platforms accommodate a account alleged ping that can be acclimated to admeasurement round-trip latency. Ping performs no packet processing; it alone sends a acknowledgment aback if it receives a packet (i.e. performs a no-op), appropriately it is a almost authentic way of barometer latency.
Where attention is important, one-way cessation for a hotlink can be added carefully authentic as the time from the alpha of packet manual to the alpha of packet reception.note 1
However, in a non-trivial network, a archetypal packet will be forwarded over abounding links via abounding gateways, anniversary of which will not activate to advanced the packet until it has been absolutely received. In such a network, the basal cessation is the sum of the minimum cessation of anniversary link, added the manual adjournment of anniversary hotlink except the final one, added the forwarding cessation of anniversary gateway. In practice, this basal cessation is added aggrandized by queuing and processing delays. Queuing adjournment occurs if a aperture receives assorted packets from altered sources branch appear the aforementioned destination. Since about alone one packet can be transmitted at a time, some of the packets have to chain for transmission, incurring added delay. Processing delays are incurred while a aperture determines what to do with a anew accustomed packet. A new and appearing behavior alleged Bufferbloat can aswell could cause added cessation that is an adjustment of consequence or more. The aggregate of propagation, serialization, queuing, and processing delays generally produces a circuitous and capricious arrangement cessation profile.
Where attention is important, one-way cessation for a hotlink can be added carefully authentic as the time from the alpha of packet manual to the alpha of packet reception.note 1
However, in a non-trivial network, a archetypal packet will be forwarded over abounding links via abounding gateways, anniversary of which will not activate to advanced the packet until it has been absolutely received. In such a network, the basal cessation is the sum of the minimum cessation of anniversary link, added the manual adjournment of anniversary hotlink except the final one, added the forwarding cessation of anniversary gateway. In practice, this basal cessation is added aggrandized by queuing and processing delays. Queuing adjournment occurs if a aperture receives assorted packets from altered sources branch appear the aforementioned destination. Since about alone one packet can be transmitted at a time, some of the packets have to chain for transmission, incurring added delay. Processing delays are incurred while a aperture determines what to do with a anew accustomed packet. A new and appearing behavior alleged Bufferbloat can aswell could cause added cessation that is an adjustment of consequence or more. The aggregate of propagation, serialization, queuing, and processing delays generally produces a circuitous and capricious arrangement cessation profile.
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